SANTA CASA 2018: 2ª Dia - Questão 11 a 15 - Leia o texto para responder às questões de 11 a 15.

SANTA CASA 2018: 2ª Dia - Questão 11 a 15
Leia o texto para responder às questões de 11 a 15.

Dawn of the pre-tiree:

What to call the time of life between work and old age?

To get the most out of longer lives,

another age category is needed

What do you call someone who is over 65 but not yet elderly? This stage of life, between work and decrepitude, lacks a name. “Geriactives” errs too much on the side of senescence¹ . “Nightcappers” risks being patronising. Perhaps “Nyppies” (Not Yet Past It) or “Owls” (Older, Working Less, Still earning) ring truer. Branding an age category might sound like a frivolous exercise. But life stages are primarily social constructs, and history shows that their emergence can trigger deep changes in attitudes.

Before 1800 no country in the world had an average life expectancy at birth beyond 40. Today there is not a country that does not. Since 1900, more years have been added to human life than in the rest of history combined, initially by reducing child mortality and lately by stretching lifespans. Longevity is one of humanity’s great accomplishments. Yet it is seen as one of society’s great headaches. The problem lies in the increasing dependency of the old on the young. As the world greys, growth, tax revenues and workforces will decline while spending on pensions and health care will increase. So, at least, goes the orthodoxy.

Doom-mongers² tend to miss a bigger point, however. Those extra years of life are predominantly healthy ones. Too many governments and firms fail to recognize this fact. A more radical approach would start by acknowledging that, in the rich world at least, many of the old are still young and active. They want to work, but more flexibly. They want to spend money, too.

Declaring a new stage of life could help change perceptions. It has done so before. Today’s conception of childhood emerged in the 19th century, paving the way for child-protection laws and a golden age of children’s literature. Spotty, awkward 15-year-olds predated the 1940s, but only then did mystified adults coin the label “teenagers”, fuelling all sorts of products and services, from bobby socks to the music industry. In 1944 Life wrote that “American businessmen, many of whom have teen-age daughters, have only recently begun to realise that teen-agers make up a big and special market.” So, as life becomes longer, the word “retirement”, which literally means withdrawal to a place of seclusion, has become misleading. At 65 you are not clapped out, but pretired.

(www.economist.com, 06.07.2017. Adaptado.)

¹Senescence: the condition or process of deterioration with age.

²Doom-monger: a person who predicts disaster.

Questão 11

The article puts forward the idea that

(A) stretched lifespans have generated increasingly extra undesirable public spendings worldwide.

(B) a new age group should be created if we are to maximize the potential benefits of people´s greater longevity today.

(D) new governmental decisions on pensions are imperative if we are to adequately care for the elder.

(E) the creation of new words to refer to people over 65 may contribute to the acceptance of older people by society.

Resposta: (B) a new age group should be created if we are to maximize the potential benefits of people´s greater longevity today.

- O artigo apresenta a ideia de que um novo grupo etário deveria ser criado se quisermos maximizar os potenciais benefícios de uma maior longevidade das pessoas hoje em dia.

Questão 12

Assinale a alternativa cuja afirmação corresponde, de forma mais próxima, ao conteúdo da ilustração que introduz o texto.

(A) “Retirement” literally means withdrawal to a place of seclusion.

(B) Extra years of life are predominantly healthy ones.

(D) In the rich world, many of the old are still young and active.

(E) Years have been added to human life by stretching lifespans.

Resposta: (D) In the rich world, many of the old are still young and active.

- No mundo dos ricos, muitos dos idosos ainda são jovens e ativos.

Questão 13

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Longevity is one of humanity’s great accomplishments. Yet it is seen as one of society’s great headaches”, a palavra em destaque estabelece entre as duas frases uma relação de

(A) complementação.

(B) conclusão.

(D) alternativa.

(E) tempo.

Resposta: (C) contraste.

- Tradução desse trecho:

"A longevidade é uma das grandes conquistas da humanidade. Contudo, é vista como uma das grandes dores de cabeça da sociedade".

Yet = however = contudo, entretanto - indica contraste

Questão 14

According to the fourth paragraph,

(A) only after the 1940s was adolescence demystified by American businessmen and recognized as a potential market.

(B) the label “teenager” was invented to help sell products such as bobby socks and music.

(D) child-protection laws first appeared in the 1900’s, together with today’s conception of childhood.

(E) the emergence of new life stages throughout history has resulted in changes in attitude towards people of different age groups.

Resposta: (E) the emergence of new life stages throughout history has resulted in changes in attitude towards people of different age groups.

- De acordo com o 4º parágrafo, o surgimento de novos estágios de vida através da história resultou em mudanças de atitude em relação às pessoas de diferentes grupos etários.

Questão 15

In the excerpt from the fourth paragraph “but only then did mystified adults coin the label ‘teenagers’”, the word in bold can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the sentence, by

(A) make up.

(B) understand.

(D) accept.

(E) promote.

Resposta:(A) make up.

- To coin = to make up = inventar, criar Tradução do trecho: “...mas apenas nesse momento adultos perplexos criaram / cunharam o rótulo “teenagers” (adolescentes).

Questão anterior:

- Leia o texto de Marcelo Lopes de Souza para responder às questões de 07 a 10.

Próxima questão:

- Leia o texto para responder às questões de 16 a 20.