(Famema 2019) A partir da associação entre o texto e o cartum, depreende-se que a expressão “mental clutter”

Leia o texto para responder às questões de 31 a 33.

Fake news can distort people’s beliefs even after being debunked. A study recently published in the journal Intelligence suggests that some people may have an especially difficult time rejecting misinformation. Asked to rate a fictitious person on a range of character traits, people who scored low on a test of cognitive ability continued to be influenced by damaging information about the person even after they were explicitly told the information was false. The study is significant because it identifies what may be a major risk factor for vulnerability to fake news.

One possible explanation for this finding is based on the theory that a person’s cognitive ability reflects how well they can regulate the contents of working memory – their “mental workspace” for processing information. First proposed by the cognitive psychologists Lynn Hasher and Rose Zacks, this theory holds that some people are more prone to “mental clutter” than other people. In other words, some people are less able to discard (or “inhibit”) information from their working memory that is no longer relevant to the task at hand, or information that has been discredited. Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably with advancing age, suggesting that older adults may also be especially vulnerable to fake news. Another reason why cognitive ability may predict vulnerability to fake news is that it correlates highly with education. Through education, people may develop meta-cognitive skills – strategies for monitoring and regulating one’s own thinking – that can be used to combat the effects of misinformation.

(www.scientificamerican.com, 06.02.2018. Adaptado.)

QUESTÃO 33

(Famema 2019) A partir da associação entre o texto e o cartum, depreende-se que a expressão “mental clutter”, empregada no segundo parágrafo do texto, significa

(A) acúmulo mental de informações irrelevantes de modo desorganizado.

(B) descarte mental de informações irrelevantes de forma randômica.

(C) acúmulo de elementos diversos para trabalhos manuais.

(D) justaposição de diferentes elementos no espaço de trabalho.

(E) habilidade com trabalhos criativos em espaços caóticos.

QUESTÃO ANTERIOR:
- (Famema 2019) Considere o trecho do segundo parágrafo “Research on cognitive aging indicates that, in adulthood, this ability declines considerably”. O termo sublinhado é empregado com o mesmo sentido em

RESOLUÇÃO:
*clutter = bagunça, desordem.
No texto, “mental clutter” significa acúmulo mental de informações irrelevantes de modo desorganizado.

GABARITO:
(A) acúmulo mental de informações irrelevantes de modo desorganizado.

PRÓXIMA QUESTÃO:
- (Famema 2019) The dining area of the restaurant is described as