FGV-SP 2024: In the last paragraph, the sentence “No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that” most likely indicates that

FGV-SP 2024: In the last paragraph, the sentence “No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that” most likely indicates that

Texto para as questões de 41 a 43.

MONKEYS THAT PLAY TOGETHER STAY TOGETHER

By

Brittany Steff

Play is a serious business [Brincar é negócio sério] through which young animals learn life skills. And it turns out that [acontece que] adult howler monkeys also rely on play to ease social tensions and avoid conflicts.

A team of scientists led by behavioral ecologist Norberto Asensio studied two species of wild howler monkeys: the Mexican howler monkey in Mexico and the golden-mantled howler monkey in Costa Rica. They tracked how much time monkeys spent playing and with whom.

Unlike many other monkey species, adult howler monkeys don’t spend time grooming [a prática pela qual um primata cuida do asseio de outro primata, catando piolhos, por exemplo] each other to solidify social bonds [ligações], and they don’t have established social and hierarchical roles. They need another way to build and maintain social networks.

The scientists found that there is a correlation between the time adults spend playing, the availability of sought-after [cobiçada] fruit, and the size of groups. Howler monkey diets consist primarily of leaves, yet they lack a specialized stomach to process them. They spend long periods resting to digest and extract energy from the tough cellulose of leaves. Fruit is an energy boost [estímulo], but it is a potential source of conflict and competition within the group.

“Maybe through play they keep the group together,” said Asensio. “Play, like grooming, is a way of getting close to another individual in a friendly way. No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that. They need play because they don’t have another behavior to regulate social relationships.”

Adapted from Natural History, June 2020.

QUESTÃO 43

FGV-SP 2024: In the last paragraph, the sentence “No other behavior, at least in howler monkeys, allows them to do that” most likely indicates that

A) without play, howler-monkey adults would be forced to start grooming each other.

B) without play, the howler monkeys’ group social structure would quickly descend into chaos and violence.

C) without play as an integral part of the howler-monkey social structure, group cohesion could tend to disintegrate.

D) without group cohesion, howler-monkey survival will be seriously threatened.

E) grooming and play are by far the elements that most contribute to vigorous primate group activity.

RESOLUÇÃO:

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GABARITO:

C) without play as an integral part of the howler-monkey social structure, group cohesion could tend to disintegrate.

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