Unioeste 2020: According to the text

LEIA O TEXTO E RESPONDA ÀS QUESTÕES 05, 06 E 07.

YOU ARE WHAT YOU WATCH? THE SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TV

Other than sleeping and working, Americans are more likely to watch television than engage in any other activity. A wave of new social science research shows that the quality of shows can influence us in important ways, shaping our thinking and political preferences, even affecting our cognitive ability.

In this so-called golden age of television, some critics have pointed out that the best of the form is equivalent to the most enriching novels. And high-quality programming for children can be educational. But the latest evidence also suggests there can be negative consequences to our abundant watching, particularly when the shows are mostly entertainment.The harm seems to come not so much from the content itself but from the fact that it replaces more enlightening ways of spending time.

Cognitive ability is a complex characteristic that emerges from interactions between biological dispositions, nutrition and health, parenting behaviors, formal and informal educational opportunities, and culture. Studying the connection between intelligence and television consumption is far from straightforward, but researchers have developed compelling ways to isolate the effects of television.

Some of the best research has been done on the television program Sesame Street. The show, which began in 1969, was meant to develop early literacy, numeracy and emotional skills for children of preschool age. A detailed analysis of the show’s content in its first and second years reveals that 80 percent of the program was dedicated to those goals, with the rest meant to entertain.

We know that education increases cognitive ability, so it stands to reason that educational television would also have a positive effect. Concerns about culture are hardly novel: Plato made a case for regulating the quality of artistic productions to avoid the corruption of youth and weakening of their character. Twenty-three centuries later, it is easier than ever to placate children as well as lose yourself in entertainment options — in the ocean of online videos, podcasts, cable, and streaming shows and movies. These options are most likely harmless. Some provide relaxation, and others may modestly reshape cultural attitudes for the better; one study found that the introduction of cable TV empowered women in India. High-quality shows and films can be inspiring, even edifying.

Still, media providers and advertisers compete aggressively for our attention. Most lack the altruistic motivations that guided the producers of the original Sesame Street. The evidence from social science suggests that biased or sensationalist news programs may misinform citizens or discourage civic engagement, and that we should also be cautious about what we give up for the sake of entertainment.

Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/25/

Last access: August, 29, 2019.

QUESTÃO 07

Unioeste 2020: According to the text:

a) cognitive ability is a characteristic that derives from biology, behavioral aspects, education, culture, and it nutrition and cannot be influenced by TV viewing habits.

b) Sesame Street was proposed by altruistic motivations. In other words, the producers of the program did not have the intention of promoting children’s cognitive development.

c) Sesame Street research pointed out that most of the TV programs dedicated to children should focus on entertainment.

d) social science research warns that viewers must not watch sensationalist news programs.

e) the results presented in the text point out the positive and the negative aspects concerning the social effects of different entertainment options. The positive qualities are: relaxing and changing cultural attitudes. The second aspects are: misinformation of citizens and their lack of involvement with civic obligations.

QUESTÃO ANTERIOR:

- Unioeste 2020: In the sentence “A detailed analysis of the show’s content in its first and second years reveals that 80 percent of the program was dedicated to those goals, with the rest meant to entertain (…)”, those goals refer to

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