Entre as funções das bactérias mencionadas no texto estão a sua contribuição em processos de manutenção

Leia o texto abaixo e responda às questões 17 e 18 . Bacteria are any of a very large group of single-celled microorganisms that display a w...

Leia o texto abaixo e responda às questões 17 e 18.

Bacteria are any of a very large group of single-celled microorganisms that display a wide range of metabolic types, geometric shapes and environmental habitats—and niches—of occurrence. Normally only several micrometers in length, bacteria assume the form of spheres, rods, spirals and other shapes. Bacteria are found in a very broad gamut of habitats; for example, bacterial extremophiles that thrive in such places as hot springs, arctic environments, radioactive waste, deep sea oil seeps, deep Earth crustal environments, hypersaline ponds and within other living organisms. There are approximately 50 million bacterial organisms in a single gram of typical surface soil. The worldwide bacterial biomass exceeds that of all plants and animals on Earth. However, the majority of bacteria have not yet been characterised. [...] 

Occurrence and function

Bacteria occur in almost any man-made or natural environment, including in soils, water and the atmosphere, as well as on and inside of living organisms. In fact, many bacteria species are extremophiles, which are adapted variously to extreme temperature, pressure, pH, salinity and other abiotic factors. The family Thermaceae is comprised by a number of thermophilic genera, including Thermus, Meiothermus, Marinithermus, Vulcanithermus, Oceanithermus and Truepera. Bacterial members of genus Deinococcus are highly resistent to extreme doses of ionising radiation. In fact, some bacterial species within each phylum are some type of extremophile, and in some cases a given bacterium may be an extremophile with respect to two or more abiotic parameters. Bacterial organisms are key in recycling nutrients, with many aspects of nutrient cycles depending on bacterial metabolism, such as nitrogen fixation from the Earth's atmosphere and putrefaction. 

Disponível em: https://education.eol.org/articles/bacteria.pdf

UNIRV 2021 - QUESTÃO 18

Assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso) para as alternativas.

a) ( ) Entre as funções das bactérias mencionadas no texto estão a sua contribuição em processos de manutenção de temperaturas e pH extremos.

b) ( ) Segundo o texto, há grupos de bactérias que são altamente resistentes a radiação ionizante.

c) ( ) O autor afirma que as bactérias que se adaptam a condições extremas são as mais comuns, sendo encontradas, inclusive, dentro dos seres vivos.

d) ( ) No trecho ‘with many aspects of nutrient cycles depending on bacterial metabolism, such asnitrogen fixation from the Earth's atmosphere and putrefaction”, o trecho sublinhado pode ser substituído por “for instance” sem prejuízo de sentido.

QUESTÃO ANTERIOR:

- Na definição de bactéria apresentada no texto, menciona-se como características deste ser a grande diversidade de tamanhos, tipos, formatos e locais de ocorrência.

GABARITO:

A) F

B) V

C) F

D) V

RESOLUÇÃO:

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QUESTÃO DISPONÍVEL EM:

- Provas UniRV Medicina 2021.1 com Gabarito