Questões de Inglês do ITA 2021 com Resolução
Questões de Inglês do ITA 2021 com Resolução
As questões 31 a 33 referem-se ao texto destacado a seguir.
Since from August 1914 to November 1918 Great Britain and her Allies were fighting for civilization it cannot, I suppose, be impertinent to inquire what precisely civilization may be. “Liberty” and “Justice” have always been reckoned expensive words, but that “Civilization” could cost as much as I forget how many millions a day came as a surprise to many thoughtful taxpayers.
The story of this word’s rise to the highest place amongst British war aims is so curious that, even were it less relevant, I should be tempted to tell it [...].
“You are fighting for civilization”, cried the wisest and best of those leaders who led us into war, and the very soldiers took up the cry. “Join up, for civilization’s sake”.
Startled by this sudden enthusiasm for an abstraction in which till then politicians and recruiting-sergeants had manifested little or no interest, I, in my turn, began to cry: “And what is civilization?” I did not cry aloud, be sure:
at that time, for crying things of that sort aloud, one was sent to prison. But now that it is no longer criminal, nor unpatriotic even, to ask questions, I intend to inquire what this thing is for which we fought and for which we pay. I propose to investigate the nature of our leading war-aim. Whether my search will end in discovery and – if it does – whether what is discovered will bear any likeliness to the Treaty of Versailles remains to be seen.
BELL, Clive. Civilization: An Essay. 1ª ed. 1928.
Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK:
Penguin Books, 1938, p. 13.
QUESTÃO 31
ITA 2021: A diferença existente entre os anos de 1914 a 1918 e o momento em que o texto foi escrito é que:
a) quando o ensaio foi escrito após o período de 1914 a 1918, questionadores poderiam ser presos.
b) antes do texto ser escrito, entre 1914 a 1918, certos questionamentos eram passíveis de punição.
c) antes do período de 1914 a 1918, certas perguntas não eram consideradas legais.
d) o conceito de civilização, como o entendemos, foi definido após 1918, quando o texto foi escrito.
e) antes do texto ser escrito, o autor foi preso em 1914 e ficou quatro anos encarcerado.
QUESTÃO 32
ITA 2021: O termo startled, destacado no trecho do segundo parágrafo, “Startled by this sudden enthusiasm [...]”, pode ser entendido como:
a) destroçado.
b) empolgado.
c) atônito.
d) instigado.
e) desanimado.
QUESTÃO 33
ITA 2021: O termo likeliness, destacado no trecho do segundo paragráfo, “[...] whether what is discovered will bear any likeliness to the Treaty of Versailles remains to be seen”, pode ser substituído sem prejuízo de significado, por:
a) liability.
b) likeness.
c) liveliness.
d) probability.
e) likelihood.
ANULADA.
As questões de 34 a 36 referem-se ao texto destacado a seguir.
It is the standing reproach of a democratic society that it is the purgatory of genius and the paradise of mediocrity. With ourselves it has become notorious that when a man is so unfortunate as to exhibit uncommon abilities, he usually renders himself ineligible for political honors or distinctions. It would seem that the community is possessed with that groveling quality of a sordid mind which hates superiority, and would ostracize genius, as the Athenians did Aristides.
One might believe it would not be unpleasing to the popular taste if some enterprising person could invent a machine for stunting intellectual development, after the fashion of idiotic barbarians who flatten the heads of their children. The masses of the community certainly appear to believe that political equality implies not only social, but should also imply intellectual equality, under pain of being severely frowned down by an outraged public opinion.
The prevalent sentiment manifests itself in many different ways. It finds expression in public conveyances and resorts and is not altogether unknown even to the pulpit.
It is found to perfection in the speeches of demagogues, who feel certain they are never so successful as when their audience is satisfied that the intellect of the speaker is of no higher an order than that of the lowest intelligence among them. Worse than all, it is demonstrated in the election of public officers of nearly all grades up to the highest: of which latter it has now become quite the custom to assume that it is impossible for a man of firstrate powers to be made President of the United States.
The causes which lend to so singular a state of affairs are of an intricate and complex character. At the outset, it is difficult to realize the possibility of a system, the logical deduction from which appears to be that, if a man would rise in life, he must assiduously belittle his understanding.
Perhaps it would be fairer to modify the proposition so far as to concede that ability is as useful here as elsewhere, provided the owner has the tact not to affront the sensibilities of the people by showing too much of it.
No doubt a vague apprehension exists in the popular mind that shining talents are dangerous when intrusted with executive power in a republic: yet, it were a poor commentary on our institutions to intimate that, under them, for a man to be clever he must also be vicious.
Experience rather teaches the contrary. If the diffusion of education, having the general tendency to elevate the understanding, is to produce more bad men than good, we had better abandon than foster our Common School system. Manifestly, we must look further for the solution of our enigma [:] that minds of moderate calibre ordinarily condemn everything which is beyond their range.
THE NEW YORK TIMES.
The worship of mediocrity. 17/08/1862.
Disponível em: https//www.nytimes.com/1862/08/17/
archives/theworship-of-mediocrity.html. Acesso 20/08/2020.
QUESTÃO 34
ITA 2021: Leia atentamente as declarações destacadas. Em seguida, assinale a alternativa correta.
I. Quanto menos inteligente for um homem, mais chances ele terá de ser presidente dos Estados Unidos.
II. Quanto um homem é infeliz a ponto de exibir habilidades incomuns, ele se torna inelegível para distinções políticas.
III. A declaração de que o sistema educacional deve ser abandonado se produz mais pessoas ruins que boas é irônica.
De acordo com o texto, é correto afirmar que:
a) apenas I é verdadeira.
b) apenas II é falsa.
c) apenas III é verdadeira.
d) ambas I e II são falsas.
e) ambas II e III são verdadeiras.
QUESTÃO 35
ITA 2021: No trecho destacado, extraído do segundo parágrafo, “If is found to perfection in the speeches of demagogues, who feel certain they are never so successful as when their audience is satisfied that the intellect of the speaker is of no higher an order than that of the lowest intelligence among them.”, a idea principal é a de que:
a) o palestrante é superior à audiência, indicada por no higher an order than.
b) palestrantes enfrentam adversidades diante das massas, indicada por never.
c) o povo é necessariamente inferior a seus líderes, indicada por the lowest intelligence among them.
d) as massas e os políticos estão em oposição, indicada por their audience is satisfied.
e) há uma igualdade sentida entre demagogos e sua audiência, indicada por so successful as.
QUESTÃO 36
ITA 2021: De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, é correto afirmar que:
a) não resta dúvida para o cidadão comum de que talentos brilhantes são os mais desejáveis para ocupar o poder executivo.
b) mentalidades medianas desaprovam tudo o que está além do seu alcance.
c) é incorreto afirmar que ter habilidade é útil tanto no âmbito público-político quanto em qualquer outro.
d) a ampliação da inteligência é um valor inquestionável para alguém subir na vida.
e) todas as asserções estão corretas.
As questões de 37 a 40 referem-se ao texto destacado a seguir:
When my family first moved to North Carolina, we lived in a rented house three blocks from the school where I would begin the third grade. My mother made friends with one of the neighbors, but one seemed enough for her. Within a year we would move again and, as she explained, there wasn’t much point in getting too close to people we would have to say good-bye to.
Our next house was less than a mile away, and the short journey would hardly merit tears or even good-byes, for that matter. It was more of a “see you later” situation, but still I adopted my mother’s attitude, as it allowed me to pretend that not making friends was a conscious choice. I could if I wanted to. It just wasn’t the right time.
Back in New York State, we had lived in the country, with no sidewalks or streetlights; you could leave the house and still be alone. But here, when you looked out the window, you saw other houses, and people inside those houses. I hoped that in walking around after dark I might witness a murder, but for the most part our neighbors just sat in their living rooms, watching TV. The only place that seemed truly different was owned by a man named Mr. Tomkey, who did not believe in television [...].
To say that you did not believe in television was different from saying that you did not care for it. Belief implied that television had a master plan and that you were against it. It also suggested that you thought too much. When my mother reported that Mr. Tomkey did not believe in television, my father said, “Well, good for him. I don’t know that I believe in it, either”.
“That's exactly how I feel,” my mother said, and then my parents watched the news, and whatever came on after the news.
SEDARIS, David. Dress Your Family in Corduroy and
Denim. Recurso eletrônico. Boston: Little,
Brown and Company, 2004, p. 5.
QUESTÃO 37
ITA 2021: De acordo com o texto:
a) o narrador não tinha muitas amizades porque sempre foi antissocial.
b) a mãe do narrador fazia muitas amizades com pessoas que acreditavam no que viam na TV.
c) os vizinhos do narrador geralmente não gostavam de quem acreditasse no que a TV mostrava.
d) é perigoso criar amizades com pessoas desconhecidas sem saber o que gostam de ver na TV.
e) acreditar na TV é algo diferente de não se importar com a TV.
QUESTÃO 38
ITA 2021: Os fatos apresentados pelo narrador no terceiro e no quarto parágrafos expressam:
a) ironia, sarcasmo.
b) eufemismo, floreio.
c) hipérbole, exagero.
d) sinestesia, perífrase.
e) personificação, simbologia.
QUESTÃO 39
ITA 2021: O trecho destacado do segundo parágrafo “I hoped that in walking around after dark I might witness a murder, but for the most part our neighbors just sat in their living rooms, watching TV”, poderia ser mais bem traduzido sem perda de sentido como:
a) “Eu esperava que ao dar uma volta depois de escurecer ainda pudesse assassinar uma testemunha, porém sem que a maioria dos meus vizinhos saíssem da frente na TV, sentados nas salas de estar.”
b) “Eu esperava que dando uma voltinha ao escurecer eu pudesse presenciar um assassinato, porém, na maior parte do tempo, meus vizinhos ficavam sentados nas suas salas de estar, vendo TV.”
c) “Eu esperava que ao escurecer pudesse dar uma volta e presenciar um assassinato, embora a maioria dos meus vizinhos visse TV, sentados mesmo, na sala de estar.”
d) “Eu esperava que ao dar uma volta depois de escurecer eu pudesse testemunhar um assassinato, mas meus vizinhos, na sua maioria, só ficavam sentados na suas salas de estar, vendo TV.”
e) “Eu esperava que ao dar uma volta depois de assassinar alguém eu não pudesse ver o dia escurecer, mas sim, sentado na sala de TV com a maioria de meus vizinhos, ainda que sem a assistirmos”.
QUESTÃO 40
ITA 2021: O termo still, destacado no trecho do primeiro parágrafo, “It was more of a ‘see you later’ situation, but still I adopted my mother’s atitude [...]”. transmite a ideia de:
a) ação coordenada da família.
b) período de tempo até a próxima mudança.
c) concessão por parte do narrador.
d) período de tempo após a última mudança até o momento da narrativa.
e) imposição por parte da mãe após a mudança.
COMENTÁRIOS